In Vietnam, Positive Prevention (PP) targets HIV-positive people as an important component of a comprehensive HIV prevention program. In 2009, USAID/HPI implemented PP in 4 provinces of Vietnam (Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh city [HCMC], An Giang, Hai Phong) through two models in which peer educators were either paid or were volunteers. This evaluation assesses the effectiveness of PP models, highlights lessons learned and suggests improved strategies.