This report, prepared for the Meridian Institute by Abt Associates, suggests a new approach to assessing a country’s situation and outlook for aflatoxin prevention and mitigation, to estimating the economic impacts of aflatoxin contamination, and to identifying priority areas for aflatoxin control using a country-led approach. The framework includes a review of the existing literature, provides guidelines for in-country engagement and interviews, and proposes a practical method for estimating economic impacts from aflatoxin contamination despite the usual data and resource constraints that developing countries face.